Total hip replacement, also known as total hip arthroplasty (THA), is a surgical procedure aimed at alleviating pain and improving function in patients with severe hip arthritis or other conditions causing significant hip joint damage. It involves replacing the damaged hip joint with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic.
The surgery typically begins with the patient under anesthesia, either general anesthesia or regional anesthesia combined with sedation. The orthopedic surgeon makes an incision over the hip joint, usually along the side or back of the hip. Through this incision, the damaged portions of the hip joint, including the femoral head (the ball-shaped top of the thigh bone) and the hip socket (acetabulum), are carefully removed.
Once the damaged joint surfaces are removed, the artificial components are implanted. These typically include a metal stem inserted into the hollow center of the thigh bone (femur), a metal or ceramic ball attached to the top of the stem to replace the femoral head, and a plastic or ceramic cup placed in the hip socket to replace the acetabulum. These components work together to recreate the smooth gliding motion of a healthy hip joint.
Recent advancements in total hip replacement surgery include the use of minimally invasive techniques, computer-assisted navigation systems, and custom-made implants tailored to the patient's anatomy. These advancements aim to improve surgical precision, reduce tissue damage, and optimize outcomes.
After the components are securely implanted, the incision is closed, and the hip is bandaged. Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in the recovery process, helping patients regain strength, flexibility, and mobility in the replaced hip. Most patients can expect to return to normal daily activities within a few weeks to months following surgery, although individual recovery times may vary.
