Arthritis refers to a group of inflammatory joint diseases characterized by pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. It affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common forms of arthritis, distinguished by chronic inflammation primarily affecting the joints but can also involve other organs.
In RA, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues, leading to inflammation of the synovium, the lining of the joints. Over time, this inflammation can cause joint damage, deformity, and erosion of cartilage and bone.
The symptoms of RA typically include joint pain, stiffness (especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity), swelling, warmth, and redness around affected joints. RA can also lead to fatigue, fever, and systemic complications affecting organs such as the heart, lungs, and eyes.
