Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. It typically occurs around the age of 45 to 55, although the timing can vary widely among individuals. During menopause, the ovaries gradually decrease their production of estrogen and progesterone, leading to the cessation of menstrual periods and the end of fertility.
The transition into menopause, known as perimenopause, may span several years and is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, vaginal dryness, and other symptoms as hormone levels fluctuate.
Once menopause is reached, most of these symptoms gradually diminish, although some, such as vaginal dryness and sleep disturbances, may persist. Women may also experience long-term health effects associated with decreased estrogen levels, including an increased risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, and cognitive decline.
Treatment options for managing menopausal symptoms include hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which can alleviate symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness, as well as lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and alternative therapies like herbal supplements or acupuncture.
